A B S T R A C T Sustainability in horticulture products depends on economic, social and environmental factors. Knowing these factors' sustainability levels can be effective in formulating sustainable horticulture development strategies and their effect on the sustainable livelihood of the user family. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the sustainability of horticulture products and their role in the livelihood of the beneficiary households in the villages of the central part of Bandar Gaz city. The required information was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which was obtained based on the opinion of relevant experts and the reliability of which was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89. The statistical population of this research includes garden operators in three villages of Eastern Gaz, Western Gaz and Val Afra, which was calculated using Cochran's formula as a sample size of 250. A random sampling method was used to select research samples. To measure the sustainability of garden products, 45 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, and environmental dimensions, and 53 indicators were used, separated by economic, social, human, and environmental dimensions, to measure the sustainable livelihood of the beneficiary household. According to the Spearman test, horticulture products' economic, social and environmental sustainability is effective in the sustainable livelihood of the user family. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate that the beneficiaries' sustainable livelihoods in the three studied villages have a significant difference up to the 99% confidence level. The results of the one-way independent variance analysis test on the cultivated area of three villages and horticulture income in three villages also stated a significant difference in these three factors up to the 99% level. Extended Abstract Introduction The most critical challenge in the world today is food security and providing essential human needs. The lack of balance between population growth and agricultural production has made developing countries face a serious challenge. Sustainable agriculture is an approach that meets human needs without harming the environment and uses natural resources better. Sustainable horticulture is a type of agriculture that is in the direction of human benefits, is more efficient in the use of resources, and is in balance with the environment. Horticulture activity in the category of sustainable agricultural development, considering its nature and the positive aspects that govern this activity, in case of proper management, is superior in terms of not disrupting the ecological balance or at least due to little damage compared to agriculture. In fact, the benefits that can be listed for horticultural activities in order to achieve sustainable agricultural development compared to agriculture are food supply and welfare facilities, storage and meeting the needs of other plants, growing crops under the shelter of trees, soil protection and green cover, air conditioning and increase of atmospheric precipitation, less consumption of chemical fertilizers and preservation of plant genetic resources. A sustainable livelihood strategy is one of the new strategies that can help the villagers' problems. The sustainable livelihood approach was proposed in the 1980s as a new approach to rural development to reduce and eradicate rural poverty. Livelihood is sustainable when it can withstand unexpected pressures and damages and restore itself and improve its capabilities and capital in the future without harming natural resources. The main problem of the research is, what is the state of sustainability of the garden products system in the central villages of Bandar Gaz city? We are also trying to find out what effect the sustainability of garden products can have on the sustainable livelihood of rural households. Bandar Gaz is one of the Golestan province's cities, located in the southeastern part of Gorgan. In terms of longitude and latitude, it is located between 53 degrees and 51 minutes to 54 degrees and 3 minutes of east longitude and 36 degrees and 39 minutes to 36 degrees and 49 minutes of north latitude. Bandar Gaz has a population of 20,742 people in 6,715 households, according to 2016.   Methodology This research is of applied type and descriptive-analytical and survey method, carried out in the 2018-2019 crop year. The main tools for data collection were questionnaires, observations and interviews. The statistical population of the research consists of 715 users of horticultural products. A random sampling method was exerted to select the samples, and 250 samples were selected based on Cochran's formula.   Results and discussion The Kruskal-Wallis test was exerted to investigate and compare the household's sustainable livelihood level using gardens in the studied villages so that the results show a significant difference of 99%, 95% and 90% in the variables. The results show that the level of sustainable livelihood is different in the three villages, so based on the results, the level of sustainability of horticultural products is also different in these three villages.   Conclusion The efficiency of horticultural work for support and investment in the village of East Gaz is more than the other two villages. The ability to buy housing, the amount of meeting health needs, the amount of willingness to migrate, and the amount of unemployed and employed people are more in West Gaz village. However, regarding the village's up-to-date architecture and the village houses' strength, there is a more favorable situation in the village of Eastern Gaz. The results of one-way analysis of variance ANOVA indicate a significant difference between the garden income of three villages among the examined components up to the 99% level.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approthe contenttent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest The authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

A B S T R A C T Tourism as a socio-economic activity plays an essential role in the economic, social, physical, and cultural dimensions of rural settlements in developing countries, which can have significant impacts on rural physical identity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of tourism on the identity changes of rural settlements in Oraman area of Sarvabad Township in Kurdistan province. Therefore, the present study questions 1. What is the relationship between tourism development and rural identity changes in the study area? What are the most critical factors influencing the physical development of rural settlements? He answers. The present study is a descriptive-analytical based on data collection using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 7 villages located in the Dezli-Hajij communication axis in Oraman District based on population and housing census data of 1395 with 1572 households and 306 households were selected using Cochran formula. One-sample t-test and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that tourism development in the sample villages in terms of continuity over time such as housing construction quality (3/67), sanitation (3/39) and land-use changes (3/78) and unity and plurality such as Design and style of housing architecture (3/01) and public transit architecture (3/23) and then differentiation and homogeneity such as proportionality with rural life (3/58) and rurality or location (3/43) have a positive impact on the physical dimensions of rural settlements in the region. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that tourism development plays a vital role in the development of rural physical identity in the region. So that the proportion of rural life with a specific amount of 13/6 and 27% of the total variance had the most influence among the factors Extended Abstract Introduction  As an important socio-economic activity in local and regional development, tourism has a high potential for political, social, and economic changes in communities. Scholars widely regard it as the engine of development. Today, rural areas in developing countries face various economic, social, and environmental challenges. Planners need to pay more attention to complementary sectors of agricultural activities such as the development of handicrafts, food industries, and tourism because agriculture is now retreating from its hegemonic position in some rural areas. Therefore, tourism as one of the essential approaches to rural development has multiple effects on the socio-economic dimensions of rural areas. Tourism can play a vital role in shaping spaces, reconfiguring and rebuilding processes, creating new socio-economic opportunities in less-developed rural areas,  and leads to changes in the physical dimensions and physical identity of the villages.   Methodology This study aims to investigate the role of tourism development in the physical identity of  rural settlements located in the Dezley-Hajij road axis in Oraman County (Sarvabad Township- Kurdistan province) in western Iran. This applied study methodology of research was based on analytical– descriptive methods using questionnaires. After the survey of theoretical bases, the questionnaire was set using a Likert spectrum and distributed randomly among the sample. The statistical population of this study consisted of 1572 households residing in the villages of Daraki (Dezli County), Veisiyan and Kamaleh (Oraman County), Belbar, Jivar, Celin, and Novin (Shalyar County), with a sample of 306 was selected by Cochran formula. A questionnaire was further validated by an academic panel of experts in the field of research. Cronbach's alpha determined its reliability, which was up to 0.890 for measured indexes. The data were analyzed by One sample T-test and Factor   analysis tests in the SPSS software package.    Results and discussion To investigate the role of tourism activities in the physical identity change of rural settlements, the research indices in terms of three components of time continuity (quality of constructions, health, and environmental cleanliness and land-use transformations), unity/multiplicity (Landscape of free passages and the type of architectural style), and differentiation/similarity (proportional to rural life and Compliance with the physical environment) were classified. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that assuming numerical utility (3 mean spectra), the components of continuity in time, variance, multiplicity, and differentiation and similarity with numerical mean values (3.62), (3.35), and (3.27), respectively. The effect of tourism development is affected, and the difference is positive and means between upper and lower boundaries. There is a significant difference at the 95% level between the components. Evaluation of the importance of tourism in the physical development of rural settlements from the viewpoint of the respondents using factor analysis statistical test showed that the relevant data according to the KMO coefficient (0.812) is appropriate, and the Bartlett's test is 99% significant. Therefore, 50 variables extracted from the questionnaire were classified into six main factors, namely rural planning and architecture, beautification and environmental hygiene, privacy and road improvement, rural livelihoods, cultural regeneration, and physical security.   Conclusion Findings based on the utility analysis of indicators indicate the positive impact of tourism development on the development of physical identity changes in rural settlements in the study area. Thus, the development of tourism in the villages under study has been able to positively influence the three dimensions of identity, such as continuity in time, unity and plurality, and differentiation and similarity. Therefore, it can be concluded that tourism development due to its social and economic impacts on the villages has also led to changes in rural physical identity. Moreover, hygiene and cleanliness of the rural environment were observed with a numerical mean (3.81) and (3.67), respectively, both of which are indices in the continuity component over time. The results of the data analysis using factor analysis showed that the studied variables had 6% of the total variance in 5% of total variance. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that tourism development in two factors in terms of continuity in time has the most impact on the physical identity of rural settlements at 41%. Thus, planning and architecture of rural housing with 27% of the total variance and beautification and sanitation of the physical environment with 14% of the total variance have a significant impact on the physical changes and, consequently, the physical identity of the rural settlements. Based on the research findings, the following suggestions can be considered: Strengthening local institutions, such as the Islamic Council and the local managers, in order to promote the use of local patterns in the construction of new instruments to conform to the physical structure and function of the villages in the region; Management of land use changes on the edge of the village in order to prevent unnecessary physical changes in the way of preservation and environmental beauty; Prevent the accumulation of pesticides in public passages due to tourism in the area; Improving public beauties and beautifying them using the social and cultural elements of the region.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest The Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments The authors appreciate to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

The fast growth of urbanization in Iran has led to the emergence of new values in rural areas of the country; which subsequently has resulted in formation of new demands in these rural societies.The post war and post natural disaster reconstructions of the rural areas in the country have revealed that in most of the cases the academic knowledge is incongruent with the social, economical and cultural rural context. But unfortunately, these precocious experiences has never concluded in a framework that could make our design and planning more effective.On the other hand, the successful experiences of rehabilitation and renovation in the rural areas have proved that the effective rural design and planning can be reached only through interaction with inhabitants.In other words, the active presence of the rural inhabitants in the process of decision making, planning, designing and implementing is imperative. It is vital to consider that participation is the most crucial factor in rehabilitation and renovation of rural areas. The other key factors are utilization of vernacular knowledge and materials. In addition, training the rural inhabitants how to use their vernacular knowledge in a scientific way is our most important task as professionals.

Sustainable development is a state of balance between different dimensions of development. Rural development is a comprehensive and sustainable process in which rural social and economic capabilities are developed to meet the material, spiritual needs and effective control over the force that forms the local housing system (ecological, social, economic and institutional). The future of sustainable rural development enables us to see the present better and the future and especially the future of sustainable development and the challenges facing the community and especially the rural community in order to achieve a suitable position as soon as possible that the same Achieving sustainable development is more than we understand. The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting sustainable rural development in rural areas of Rasht city. This research is a descriptive-analytical method with applied objectives and a method of collecting information in the form of library, documentary and field. Data analysis was also performed using SWOT analysis technique. The results showed that after formulating a strategy based on strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, 19 strategies were formulated that the development of infrastructure and increasing the competitiveness of tourism, manufacturing and agriculture from the ST position (diversification) has the highest priority similarly, strategies for developing economic and trade relations with the Caspian littoral states and developing modern and efficient urban infrastructure in the ST (diversification) and SO (competitive / aggressive) situations have been the second and third highest scoring strategies.

Purpose: Rural entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth, dynamism, and social development in rural areas. Despite its crucial importance, it has received little attention from development planners and researchers in this field. Given the innovative and dynamic nature of entrepreneurship in rural areas and the imperative to preserve ecosystem integrity within villages, policymakers and planners are tasked with identifying key value-creating factors and indicators. These factors are essential for enhancing entrepreneurial activities and achieving job creation, economic growth, and poverty reduction goals. Therefore, this research aims to develop an integrated model of entrepreneurship development in rural areas with a sustainable development approach.Methods: This research employs qualitative content analysis to examine existing studies on entrepreneurship development in rural areas. Subsequently, a composite model is proposed based on the findings. The population and statistical sample represent relevant studies related to the research topic. To achieve this objective, relevant sources were meticulously collected and examined. The components and variables of interest in each study were scrutinized and extracted. Subsequently, central themes were identified based on conceptual similarities and proximity, followed by thematic classification.Results: The findings of this research have identified six main factors within the dimensions of development factors of rural entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial environment factors. The development factors of rural entrepreneurship encompass fourteen value-creating variables distributed across three components: Fostering and strengthening entrepreneurial attitudes, cultivating entrepreneurial behaviors, and enhancing entrepreneurial consequences. The dimension of entrepreneurial environment factors encompasses nineteen variables categorized into three levels of economic development: Resource-driven, efficiency-driven, and innovation-driven. Finally, the validity and reliability of the model were assessed using the Kappa index, resulting in a calculated value of 0.857, indicating perfect agreement.Conclusion: Promoting sustainable entrepreneurship and developing rural businesses can contribute to economic development, poverty reduction, employment growth, economic diversification, acceleration of regional development, and social progress. Additionally, prioritizing entrepreneurship is a paramount governmental mission. To realize income and job creation objectives, policymakers devise supportive policies to bolster entrepreneurial endeavors and foster an entrepreneurial spirit among the populace. The research findings align with this, and recommendations for further advancement are provided in the discussion part of the article.

The continuity and progress of rural tourism is dependent on its sustainability because sustainable rural tourism is in line with the long-term preservation and productivity of natural and human resources in the tourism industry. This research has been collected by descriptive-analytical method using documentary and field information with the aim of providing the best strategies with the help of SWOT and QSPM tools. The statistical population of 173 people was selected from the local experts, which included the villager and the member of the Islamic Council of the village. As a result, by analyzing the data, the most important strategies for improving the natural landscape of the countryside, the pattern of the arrangement of the rural settlement and the rural context for the development of sustainable rural tourism were identified. As a result, the identification of these strategies helps us in reaching the desired goal, which is the development of sustainable rural tourism.

Industrial development, population growth and increase in commutation between cities and villages as well as the mass media and Study of contemporary period of rural constructions have brought about numerous instances of unorganized plans or rural constructed buildings, selection of building system, organs, functional elements, quality of construction and performance. These Unorganized and irregularity will be manifested when residents are using the buildings and show their dissatisfaction which could be a factor to create inappropriate social, cultural and economic conditions in future. In this case architecture as a container involving all aspects of man's life will result discontent with an inappropriate realization. Part of this chaos whose effects will be more evident at the time of operation which is caused by ignoring or paying less attention to the goals of frugality in energy consumption and design in harmony with environment and climate which has a surprising effect on the welfare and hygiene of the residents and will also influence the customs, traditions and life style of the villagers beside their economic outcomes. This impact will eventually damage sustainability and finally the village itself. Sustainable rural development with economic-social and environmental approaches will be possible by collecting all aspects of the village. In order to establish sustainability in the village, the outlook should be from part to whole of component. Considering the subject of this study, housing as a part can operate as a whole and if this accurately to be planned and performed, can be a realization of sustainability and an appropriate step toward sustainable development.Being compiled by studies in available documents, this paper tries to elaborate the factors affecting changes in rural construction and its proper function in village development and take steps in continuing rural housing architecture and as a basic element, for sustainability in villages by offering appropriate strategies.

Agriculture has determining and fundamental roles in the fate of the rural society in Iran. Also, it is unlikely that rural development can be achieved without having a logical and established solution for rural agriculture. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sustainable agriculture and sustainable development in rural regions of Fasa County. The research method of the study is descriptive-analytical, and the data collection is based on survey method (completing questionnaire). The study population comprised all heads of households living in Fasa villages. Using the Cochran formula, the sample size was estimated as 285 participants who were selected randomly and questionnaires were distributed among them. To measure the reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach α was used. In the study, the statistical model of SEM and the first order confirmatory factor analysis were used for analyzing data. The results indicate the validity of both models of measurement of rural development and sustainable agriculture as well as the first order two-factor model for the relationship between rural sustainable development and sustainable agriculture as well as their goodness of fit with the collected data. According to this analysis, indicators of sustainable agriculture have generally more significant direct effects on rural sustainable development than the reverse conditions in this relationship.

The review of situation of rural communities in Iran indicates that social welfare programs and rural development don’t adapt with sustainable development patterns. Because these programs could not achieve goals in all areas, had most effects in rural communities. In this research information gathered through documental and laboratory study then new findings and results from secondary analysis developed. Sustainable development conceptualized for this study by three main dimension: integrated development, social justice and environmental considerations. The findings show that poverty, deprivation and inequality in rural communities is more than urban areas, and also social welfare programs and rural development have not reduced increasingly problems of rural communities. In the rural development programs, agricultural and infrastructural activities dominated without any specific effective result. The process of increasingly environmental destruction and wilderness development in pastures is considerable. The results show that there is not sustainable development approach in the social welfare programs and rural development in Iran and this is because of lack of theoretical framework of development and also lack of in effective approach in social participation in programs. Local and community based development is approach of sustainable development. If rural communities in the form of local institutions participated in recognizing and arrangement of their critical needs by facilitator state institutions, many of plans and activities will be effective.

Ecotourism with its potentials can be a major strategy in sustainable rural development which regards expanding opportunities and improving living conditions of the present and next generations of vulnerable people in rural communities as its main objectives. This paper attempted to have an applied examination of tourism with the help of SWOT method. The results showed the advantage of strengths over weaknesses, and the balance between opportunities and threats of ecotourism. The main strengths included: increase in employment, enhancing rural people participation in development programs, and poverty reduction. The most important weaknesses were: commodification of culture, resource scarcity, and the low tendency of rural people to farming and animal breeding. Provision of basic infrastructures, and improving the quality of public services were the main opportunities; and the delegation of the rights to exploit natural resources to self-interested people and economic leakages were among the main threats of the growth of ecotourism in rural development.